Definition

1. Conjunction:
   • For that reason, therefore, hence: "nên chi" is a literary or formal conjunction used to indicate a consequence or result, connecting a cause stated earlier to its effect. It is equivalent to "therefore," "thus," or "hence" in English.

Usage Examples

• Conjunction:
  • Chăm học nên chi thi môn nào điểm cũng cao. (He/She studied diligently, therefore he/she got high marks in every subject.)
  • Trời mưa to nên chi đường rất trơn. (It rained heavily, hence the road is very slippery.)
  • Cô ấy chuẩn bị kỹ lưỡng nên chi bài thuyết trình rất thành công. (She prepared thoroughly, for that reason the presentation was very successful.)

Advanced Usage

• Literary and Formal Context: "nên chi" is more commonly found in formal writing, speeches, or classical literature than in everyday casual conversation. In modern spoken Vietnamese, "vì vậy," "cho nên," or "thế nên" are more frequent.
  • Nhận thấy sự nguy hiểm, nên chi chúng tôi quyết định hủy bỏ chuyến đi. (Recognizing the danger, we therefore decided to cancel the trip.)

Variants and Related Words

• Cho nên (conjunction): Therefore, so. A more common synonym in modern usage.
  • Anh ấy không chịu luyện tập cho nên đã thua cuộc. (He didn't practice, so he lost.)
• Vì vậy (conjunction): Therefore, because of that. Another very common synonym.
  • Cô ấy bận việc gia đình, vì vậy không thể tham dự. (She is busy with family matters, therefore she cannot attend.)
• Thế nên (conjunction): And so, therefore. Slightly less formal than "nên chi."
  • Tôi tin tưởng anh, thế nên mới giao việc quan trọng này. (I trust you, and so I am assigning this important task.)

Synonyms

• Vì thế: Therefore, for that reason.
• Do đó: Consequently, because of that.
• Bởi vậy: Thus, for that reason.

Notes on Usage

• Word Order: "Nên chi" typically begins the second clause (the result clause) in a sentence. The first clause states the cause.
• Formality: Using "nên chi" can add a classical, deliberate, or formal tone to your speech or writing. It is less common in informal daily talk.

1. For that reason, therefore, hence
   • Chăm học nên thi môn nào điểm cũng cao
     To work hard at one's lessons, hence high marks in every subject